已知F为抛物线C:y=x2的焦点,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是抛物线C上的两点,且x1<x2.(1)若FA=λFB(λ∈R),则λ为何值时,直线AB与抛物线C所围成的图形的面积最小?该面积的最

题目简介

已知F为抛物线C:y=x2的焦点,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是抛物线C上的两点,且x1<x2.(1)若FA=λFB(λ∈R),则λ为何值时,直线AB与抛物线C所围成的图形的面积最小?该面积的最

题目详情

已知F为抛物线C:y=x2的焦点,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是抛物线C上的两点,且x1<x2
(1)若
FA
FB
(λ∈R),则λ
为何值时,直线AB与抛物线C所围成的图形的面积最小?该面积的最小值是多少?
(2)若直线AB与抛物线C所围成的面积为
4
3
,求线段AB的中点M的轨迹方程.
题型:解答题难度:中档来源:江苏模拟

答案

(1)由题知,抛物线C的焦点F(0,class="stub"1
4
),A(x1
x21
),B(x2
x22
),所以
FA
=(x1
x21
-class="stub"1
4
),
FB
=(x2
x22
-class="stub"1
4
)

因为
FA
FB
,所以
FA
FB
共线,即
x1(
x22
-class="stub"1
4
)-x2(
x21
-class="stub"1
4
)=0

即(x2-x1)(x1x2+class="stub"1
4
)=0

因为x1<x2,所以x1x2=-class="stub"1
4
.(2分)
由题设条件x1<x2知,直线AB的斜率k一定存在,且
k=
y2-y1
x2-x1
=
x22
-
x21
x2-x1
=x1+x2
.(3分)
设直线AB的方程为y=kx+class="stub"1
4
,则直线AB与抛物线C所围的面积
S=
x2x1
(kx+class="stub"1
4
-x2)dx=(-class="stub"1
3
x3+class="stub"k
2
x2+class="stub"1
4
x)
|x2x1

=(-class="stub"1
3
x32
+class="stub"k
2
x22
+class="stub"1
4
x2)-(-class="stub"1
3
x31
+class="stub"k
2
x21
+class="stub"1
4
x1)

=-class="stub"1
3
(
x32
-
x31
)+class="stub"k
2
(
x22
-
x21
)+class="stub"1
4
(x2-x1)

=(x2-x1)[-class="stub"1
3
(
x22
+x2x1+
x21
)+class="stub"k
2
(x2+x1)+class="stub"1
4
]

=
(x2+x1)2-4x2x1
[-class="stub"1
3
(x2+x1)2+class="stub"1
3
x2x1+class="stub"k
2
(x2+x1)+class="stub"1
4
]

=
k2+1
[-class="stub"1
3
k2-class="stub"1
3
×class="stub"1
4
+class="stub"k
2
•k+class="stub"1
4
]


=class="stub"1
6
(k2+1)
k2+1
≥class="stub"1
6

当且仅当k=0,即x1=-x2,即λ=-1时,Smin=class="stub"1
6
.(5分)
(2)由题知A(x1,x12),B(x2,x22),且x1<x2,则直线AB的斜率kAB=
y2-y1
x2-x1
=
x21
-
x22
x2-x1
=x1+x2

设直线AB的方程为y-x12=k(x-x1),即y=(x1+x2)x-x1x2,
则直线AB与抛物线C所围的面积
S=
x2x1
[(x1+x2)x-x1x2-x2]dx

=(
x1+x2
2
x2-x1x2x-class="stub"1
3
x3)
|x2x1
=class="stub"1
6
(x2-x1)3

因为S=class="stub"4
3
,所以class="stub"1
6
(x2-x1)3=class="stub"4
3
,得x2-x1
=2.(8分)设M(x,y),则x=
x1+x2
2
=x1
+1,
y=
y1+y2
2
=
x21
+
x22
2
=
x21
+2x1+2=(x1+1)2
+1,
所以y=x2+1.
故点M的轨迹方程为y=x2+1.(10分)

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